4ZERO1 / References

The science, with receipts.

Explore the sources behind the site: what they investigated, what they found and how they relate to the formula.

Source types are identified separately. Ingredient studies do not establish finished-product outcomes.

01 / Human research

Tanno O et al. Nicotinamide increases biosynthesis of ceramides as well as other stratum corneum lipids to improve the epidermal permeability barrier. Br J Dermatol 2000;143(3):524–531. DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2000.03705.x

Research on nicotinamide and outer-skin lipid synthesis; not proof of this cream’s results.

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02 / Human research

Gehring W, Gloor M. Effect of topically applied dexpanthenol on epidermal barrier function and stratum corneum hydration. Arzneimittelforschung 2000;50(7):659–663. DOI 10.1055/s-0031-1300268

Vehicle-controlled human research on dexpanthenol, hydration and barrier function; a different formulation.

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03 / Human research

Fluhr JW et al. Glycerol accelerates recovery of barrier function in vivo. Acta Derm Venereol 1999;79(6):418–421. DOI 10.1080/000155599750009825

Human experimental barrier-disruption research with glycerol; not a consumer repair timeline.

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04 / Laboratory research

Ilnytska O et al. Colloidal Oatmeal (Avena Sativa) Improves Skin Barrier Through Multi-Therapy Activity. J Drugs Dermatol 2016;15(6):684–690. PMID 27272074

Research on colloidal oatmeal; a related but different material from the listed oat kernel extract.

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05 / Supplier sources

SEPPIC — AQUAXYL™ supplier information

Supplier information for the Aquaxyl complex; confirm grade and study formulation.

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06 / Supplier sources

CLR Berlin — ProBarrier™ CLR supplier information

Supplier description of a wax-particle film former; does not establish finished-cream sensory results.

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07 / Supplier sources

Mibelle Biochemistry — InfraGuard™ supplier information

Supplier information for tara and sunflower-sprout extracts; not finished-product protective proof.

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08 / Technology & patents

US9084818B2 — Topical dermal delivery compositions using self-assembling nanoparticle technology. patents.google.com/patent/US9084818B2

Patent description of a delivery system; not a clinical trial of 4ZERO1.

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09 / Human research

Bissett DL, Oblong JE, Berge CA. Niacinamide: a B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatol Surg 2005;31(7 Pt 2):860–865. PMID 16029679

Human research on a niacinamide formulation and facial appearance; concentration and vehicle differ.

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10 / Human research

Soma Y et al. Moisturizing effects of topical nicotinamide on atopic dry skin. Int J Dermatol 2005;44(3):197–202. PMID 15807725

Human research on nicotinamide moisturisation in atopic dry skin; not a suitability claim for 4ZERO1.

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11 / Reviews

Rawlings AV, Harding CR. Moisturization and skin barrier function. Dermatol Ther 2004;17 Suppl 1:43–48. PMID 14728698

Review of moisturisation and barrier principles; not a product study.

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12 / Reviews

Elias PM. Stratum corneum defensive functions: an integrated view. J Invest Dermatol 2005;125(2):183–200. PMID 16098026

Background review of outer-skin defensive functions.

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13 / Human research

Ghadially R et al. The aged epidermal permeability barrier. Structural, functional, and lipid biochemical abnormalities in humans and a senescent murine model. J Clin Invest 1995;95(5):2281–2290. PMID 7738193

Research on ageing and barrier recovery; does not establish this product’s effect.

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14 / Laboratory research

Akihisa T et al. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of triterpene cinnamates and acetates from shea fat. J Oleo Sci 2010;59(6):273–280. PMID 20484832

Laboratory/animal research on shea constituents; not a clinical claim for shea butter in this cream.

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15 / Reviews

Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. Int J Mol Sci 2017;19(1):70. DOI 10.3390/ijms19010070

Review of plant oils; useful background rather than direct product evidence.

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16 / Laboratory research

Yokota T et al. The inhibitory effect of glabridin from licorice extracts on melanogenesis and inflammation. Pigment Cell Res 1998;11(6):355–361. PMID 9870547

Research on isolated glabridin from licorice; not equivalent to the whole extract in this formula.

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17 / Reviews

Thiele JJ, Ekanayake-Mudiyanselage S. Vitamin E in human skin: organ-specific physiology and considerations for its use in dermatology. Mol Aspects Med 2007;28(5–6):646–667. PMID 17719081

Review of vitamin E in skin; not a finished-product antioxidant measurement.

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18 / Laboratory research

Araújo LU et al. Profile of wound healing process induced by allantoin. Acta Cir Bras 2010;25(5):460–466. PMID 20877959

Animal-model study of allantoin; not evidence that this cream heals wounds.

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No finished-product study report has been supplied for this library.